Practice with CMMC-CCP Dumps for Cyber AB CMMC Certified Exam Questions & Answer
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Cyber AB CMMC-CCP Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 121
Recording evidence as adequate is defined as the criteria needed to:
- A. verify, based on an assessment and organizational scope.
- B. determine if a given artifact, interview response, demonstration, or test meets the CMMC scope.
- C. verify, based on an assessment and organizational practice.
- D. determine if a given artifact, interview response, demonstration, or test meets the CMMC practice.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Understanding "Adequate Evidence" in the CMMC Assessment ProcessIn aCMMC assessment,adequate evidencerefers to the proof required to demonstrate that a specific cybersecurity practice has been implemented correctly. Evidence can come from:
Artifacts(e.g., security policies, system configurations, logs).
Interview responses(e.g., verbal confirmation from personnel about their responsibilities).
Demonstrations(e.g., showing how a security control is implemented in real time).
Testing(e.g., verifying technical security mechanisms such as multi-factor authentication).
Thegoalof evidence collection is to determinewhether a CMMC practice is met-not just whether the organization operates within the assessment scope.
A). Verify, based on an assessment and organizational scope # Incorrect Theassessment scopedefineswhat is evaluated, but adequacy of evidence is based oncompliance with specific CMMC practices.
B). Verify, based on an assessment and organizational practice # Incorrect CMMC assessments focus on cybersecurity practices defined in the CMMC framework, not just general organizational practices.
C). Determine if a given artifact, interview response, demonstration, or test meets the CMMC scope # Incorrect Thescopedefines the assessment boundaries, but theassessment team's job is to confirm whether CMMC practices are satisfied.
D). Determine if a given artifact, interview response, demonstration, or test meets the CMMC practice # Correct TheCMMC assessment process focuses on ensuring that required practices are implemented, making this the correct answer.
Why is the Correct Answer "Determine if a given artifact, interview response, demonstration, or test meets the CMMC practice" (D)?
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document
Defines "adequate evidence" asproof that a CMMC practice has been correctly implemented.
CMMC 2.0 Assessment Criteria
Specifies that evidence must beevaluated against specific cybersecurity practices.
NIST SP 800-171A (Assessment Procedures for NIST SP 800-171)
Provides guidance on evaluating artifacts, interviews, demonstrations, and testing to confirm compliance with required practices.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting this Answer
Final Answer#D. Determine if a given artifact, interview response, demonstration, or test meets the CMMC practice.
NEW QUESTION # 122
Which document is the BEST source for descriptions of each practice or process contained within the various CMMC domains?
- A. CMMC Glossary
- B. CMMC Appendices
- C. CMMC Assessment Process
- D. CMMC Assessment Guide Levels 1 and 2
Answer: D
Explanation:
Understanding the Best Source for CMMC Practice DescriptionsTheCMMC Assessment Guide (Levels 1 and
2)is theprimaryandmost authoritativedocument for detailed descriptions of each practice and process within the variousCMMC domains.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:#1. What is the CMMC Assessment Guide?
* TheCMMC Assessment Guideprovides detailed explanations of:
* EachCMMC practicewithin its respectivedomain.
* Theassessment objectivesfor verifying implementation.
* Examples ofevidence requiredto demonstrate compliance.
* CMMC 2.0 includes two levels:
* Level 1: 17 basic cybersecurity practices.
* Level 2: 110 practices aligned withNIST SP 800-171.
* TheAssessment Guidedefines howassessorsevaluate compliance.
#2. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:
* (A) CMMC Glossary#
* TheGlossaryprovidesdefinitions of termsused in CMMC but does not describe specific practices in detail.
* (B) CMMC Appendices#
* Appendicesinclude supplementary information likereferences and scoping guidance, but they do not provide full descriptions of practices.
* (C) CMMC Assessment Process#
* TheAssessment Process Guideexplainshowassessments are conducted, but it doesnot describe each practicein detail.
Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:TheCMMC Assessment Guide (Levels 1 and 2)is theofficialsource for descriptions of eachCMMC practice and process, making it thebest referencefor understanding compliance requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 123
Which domains are a part of a Level 1 Self-Assessment?
- A. Risk Management (RM). Access Control (AC), and Physical Protection (PE)
- B. Access Control (AC), Risk Management <RM), and Media Protection (MP)
- C. Risk Management (RM). Media Protection (MP), and Identification and Authentication (IA)
- D. Access Control (AC), Physical Protection (PE), and Identification and Authentication (IA)
Answer: D
Explanation:
CMMCLevel 1focuses onbasic cyber hygieneand includes17 practicesderived fromNIST SP 800-171 Rev.
2butonly covers the protection of Federal Contract Information (FCI)-not Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
UnlikeLevel 2, which aligns fully withNIST SP 800-171,Level 1 does not require third-party certificationand can beself-assessedby the organization.
Domains Covered in a Level 1 Self-AssessmentCMMC Level 1 practices fall underthree specific domains:
Access Control (AC)- Ensures that only authorized individuals can access FCI.
Physical Protection (PE)- Protects physical access to systems and facilities storing FCI.
Identification and Authentication (IA)- Verifies the identity of users accessing systems containing FCI.
These domains focus on foundational security controls necessary toprotect FCI from unauthorized access.
CMMC Model v2.0states thatLevel 1 includes only 17 practicesmapped toNIST SP 800-171requirements specific toAccess Control (AC), Physical Protection (PE), and Identification and Authentication (IA).
CMMC Assessment Guide, Level 1confirms thatRisk Management (RM) and Media Protection (MP) are not included in Level 1, as they pertain to more advanced security measures needed for handlingCUI (Level 2).
A). Access Control (AC), Risk Management (RM), and Media Protection (MP)# Incorrect.Risk Management (RM) and Media Protection (MP) are Level 2 domains.
B). Risk Management (RM), Access Control (AC), and Physical Protection (PE)# Incorrect.Risk Management (RM) is not part of Level 1.
C). Access Control (AC), Physical Protection (PE), and Identification and Authentication (IA)#Correct.These are thethree domains covered in CMMC Level 1 self-assessments.
D). Risk Management (RM), Media Protection (MP), and Identification and Authentication (IA)# Incorrect.
Risk Management (RM) and Media Protection (MP) are Level 2 domains.
Official CMMC 2.0 Documentation ReferencesBreakdown of Answer ChoicesConclusionThecorrect answer is C. Access Control (AC), Physical Protection (PE), and Identification and Authentication (IA), as these are theonly three domains included in a CMMC Level 1 Self-Assessmentaccording toCMMC 2.0 documentation and NIST SP 800-171 mapping.
CMMC 2.0 Model Overview - DoD Official Documentation
CMMC Assessment Guide, Level 1
NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2 (Basic Security Requirements for FCI)
Reference Documents for Further Reading
NEW QUESTION # 124
In performing scoping, what should the assessor ensure that the scope of the assessment covers?
- A. All assets documented in the business plan
- B. All entities, regardless of the line of business, associated with the organization
- C. All assets regardless if they do or do not process, store, or transmit FCI/CUI
- D. All assets processing, storing, or transmitting FCI/CUI and security protection assets
Answer: D
Explanation:
Scoping Requirements in CMMC AssessmentsTheCMMC 2.0 Scoping GuideandCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Documentclearly define what should be included in the scope of an assessment.
The assessment scope must cover:
All assets that process, store, or transmit FCI/CUI
Security Protection Assets (ESP)- these assets help protect FCI/CUI, such as firewalls, endpoint detection systems, and encryption mechanisms.
Thus, thecorrect scope includes both:
#FCI/CUI Assets(Data storage, processing, or transmission assets)
#Security Protection Assets (ESP)(Firewalls, security tools, etc.)
A). All assets documented in the business plan#Incorrect.Business plans may include assets unrelated to FCI
/CUI, making this scopetoo broad. Only assets relevant to FCI/CUI should be assessed.
B). All assets regardless if they do or do not process, store, or transmit FCI/CUI#Incorrect. CMMC doesnotrequire organizations to include assets thathave no connection to FCI/CUI.
C). All entities, regardless of the line of business, associated with the organization#Incorrect.Only the assets relevant to FCI/CUI or security protection should be assessed. Unrelated business divisions (like a non-federal commercial division) areout-of-scope.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
CMMC 2.0 Scoping Guide - Level 1 & Level 2
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document
CMMC Official ReferencesThus,option D (All assets processing, storing, or transmitting FCI/CUI and security protection assets) is the correct answeras per official CMMC assessment scoping requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 125
A cyber incident is discovered that affects a covered contractor IS and the CDI residing therein. How long does the contractor have to inform the DoD?
- A. 24 hours
- B. 72 hours
- C. 96 hours
- D. 48 hours
Answer: B
Explanation:
Contractors that handle Covered Defense Information (CDI) are required to report cyber incidents to the Department of Defense within 72 hours of discovery.
Supporting Extracts from Official Content:
* DFARS 252.204-7012(c)(1): "When the Contractor discovers a cyber incident that affects a covered contractor information system or the covered defense information residing therein, the Contractor shall conduct a review... and rapidly report the cyber incident to DoD within 72 hours of discovery." Why Option C is Correct:
* The regulation explicitly specifies 72 hours.
* Options A (24 hrs), B (48 hrs), and D (96 hrs) do not align with DFARS requirements.
References (Official CMMC v2.0 Content and Source Documents):
* DFARS 252.204-7012, Safeguarding Covered Defense Information and Cyber Incident Reporting.
* CMMC v2.0 Governance - Source Documents list includes DFARS 252.204-7012.
NEW QUESTION # 126
In the Code of Professional Conduct, what does the practice of Professionalism require?
- A. Do not copy materials without permission to do so.
- B. Ensure the security of all information discovered or received.
- C. Do not make assertions about assessment outcomes.
- D. Refrain from dishonesty in all dealings regarding CMMC.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 127
Which authority leads the CMMC direction, standards, best practices, and knowledge framework for how to map the controls and processes across different Levels that range from basic cyber hygiene to advanced cyber practices?
- A. Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Council
- B. NIST
- C. DoD CIO office
- D. Federal CIO office
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 128
An assessor has been working with an OSC's point of contact to plan and prepare for their upcoming assessment. What is one of the MOST important things to remember when analyzing requirements for an assessment?
- A. There is a determined amount of time that the OSC's point of contact has to submit evidence and rough order-of-magnitude.
- B. The initial plan cannot be changed once agreed upon.
- C. Assessors need to continuously review and update the requirements and plan for the assessment as information is gathered.
- D. Scoping an assessment is easy and worry-free.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Planning and preparing for aCMMC assessmentinvolves collaboration between theassessorand theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC)to determine scope, required evidence, and logistics. This planning process isdynamicand must adapt as new information emerges.
Assessment Scope and Requirements May Change
As assessors gather evidence and analyze the environment,new details about assets, networks, and security controlsmay require adjustments to the assessment plan.
TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guideemphasizes that assessmentrequirements and scope should be continuously reviewed and updatedto reflect real-time findings.
Assessors Follow an Adaptive Approach
DuringCMMC assessments, organizations may discover additionalFCI or CUI assets, which can change the required security practices to be evaluated.
Assessors shouldrevise the assessment approach accordinglyrather than strictly following an initial, unchangeable plan.
A). Scoping an assessment is easy and worry-free#Incorrect
Scoping is acritical and complex processthat requires careful evaluation of the OSC's information systems and assets.
CMMC Scoping Guidestates thatidentifying in-scope assets is crucial and requires significant effort.
B). The initial plan cannot be changed once agreed upon#Incorrect
Theinitial assessment plan is a starting point, butit must be flexiblebased on real-time findings.
CMMC CAP Guideemphasizescontinuous refinementduring the assessment process.
C). There is a determined amount of time that the OSC's point of contact has to submit evidence and rough order-of-magnitude#Incorrect While there aretimelines, the key focus is ensuring thatall necessary evidence is gathered accuratelyrather than rushing to meet a strict deadline.
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide- States that assessment requirements and planning should be updated as additional information is gathered.
CMMC Scoping Guide (Nov 2021)- Explains that assessors must continually refinein-scope assets and requirementsthroughout the process.
Why the Correct Answer is "D"?Why Not the Other Options?Relevant CMMC 2.0 References:Final Justification:Assessment planning is a dynamic process.Assessors must continuously review and update the requirements and planas new information emerges, makingDthe correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 129
A CMMC Assessment Team arrives at an OSC to begin a CMMC Level 2 Assessment. The team checks in at the front desk and lets the receptionist know that they are here to conduct the assessment. The receptionist is aware that the team is arriving today and points down a hallway where the conference room is. The receptionist tells the Lead Assessor to wait in the conference room. as someone will be there shortly. The receptionist fails to check for credentials and fails to escort the team. The receptionist's actions are in direct violation of which CMMC practice?
- A. PE.L1-3.10.3: Escort visitors and monitor visitor activity
- B. PE.L1-3.10.5: Control and manage physical access devices
- C. PS.L2-3 9.2: Ensure that organizational systems containing CUI are protected during and after personnel actions such as terminations and transfers
- D. PS.L2-3.9.1; Screen individuals prior to authorizing access to organizational systems containing CUI
Answer: A
Explanation:
ThePhysical Protection (PE) domaininCMMC 2.0 Level 1includes the requirementPE.L1-3.10.3, which mandates that organizationsescort visitors and monitor their activity.
Breaking Down the Scenario:
TheCMMC Assessment Teamarrives at the OSC.
Thereceptionist acknowledges their arrival but does not verify credentials or escort themto the appropriate location.
Failing to verify visitor identity and failing to escort them is a violation of PE.L1-3.10.3.
Analysis of the Given Options:
A). PE.L1-3.10.3: Escort visitors and monitor visitor activity##Correct This requirement ensures that visitorsdo not have unsupervised access to sensitive areas.
The receptionistshould have checked credentials and escorted the assessment team.
B). PE.L1-3.10.5: Control and manage physical access devices##Incorrect This requirement refers to managingkeys, access badges, and security devices, which isnot the issue in this scenario.
C). PS.L2-3.9.1: Screen individuals prior to authorizing access to organizational systems containing CUI##Incorrect This control applies to personnel screeningsbefore granting access to CUI systems, not physical visitor access.
D). PS.L2-3.9.2: Ensure that organizational systems containing CUI are protected during and after personnel actions such as terminations and transfers##Incorrect This requirement deals withoffboarding employees and ensuring they no longer have system access. It isnot relevant to visitor escorting.
Official References Supporting the Correct Answer:
CMMC 2.0 Level 1 - PE.L1-3.10.3 (Physical Protection)
Requires organizations toescort visitors and monitor visitor activityat facilities containingFCI or CUI.
NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2, Control 3.10.3
States thatvisitors must be escorted and monitored at all timesto prevent unauthorized access.
Conclusion:
Since the receptionist failed to verify credentials and escort the visitors, this violatesPE.L1-3.10.3.
#Correct Answer: A. PE.L1-3.10.3: Escort visitors and monitor visitor activity
NEW QUESTION # 130
When scoping a Level 2 assessment, which document is useful for understanding the process to successfully implement practices required for the various Levels of CMMC?
- A. NISTSP 800-53
- B. NISTSP 800-172
- C. NISTSP 800-88
- D. NISTSP 800-171
Answer: D
Explanation:
CMMC 2.0 Level 2 is directly aligned withNIST Special Publication (SP) 800-171, "Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations."Organizations seeking certification (OSC) at Level 2 must demonstrate compliance with the 110 security requirements specified inNIST SP 800-
171, as mandated byDFARS 252.204-7012.
* Defines the Security Requirements for Protecting CUI:
* NIST SP 800-171 outlines 110 security controls that contractors must implement to protectControlled Unclassified Information (CUI)in nonfederal systems.
* These controls are categorized under14 families, including access control, incident response, and risk management.
* Establishes the Baseline for CMMC Level 2 Compliance:
* CMMC 2.0 Level 2 assessments areentirely based on NIST SP 800-171requirements.
* Every practice assessed in a Level 2 certification maps directly to a requirement fromNIST SP
800-171 Rev. 2.
* Provides Guidance for Implementation & Assessment:
* TheNIST SP 800-171A "Assessment Guide"provides detailed assessment objectives that guide OSCs in preparing for CMMC evaluations.
* It helps define the scope of an assessment by clarifying how each control should be implemented and verified.
* Referenced in CMMC and DFARS Regulations:
* DFARS 252.204-7012requires contractors to implementNIST SP 800-171security requirements.
* TheCMMC 2.0 Level 2modeldirectly incorporates all 110 requirementsfromNIST SP 800-171, ensuring consistency with DoD cybersecurity expectations.
* A. NIST SP 800-53 ("Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations")
* This documentapplies to federal systems, not nonfederal entities handling CUI.
* While it is the foundation for other security standards, it isnot the basis of CMMC Level
2assessments.
* B. NIST SP 800-88 ("Guidelines for Media Sanitization")
* This documentfocuses on secure data destructionand media sanitization techniques.
* While data disposal is important, this standarddoes not define security controls for protecting CUI.
* D. NIST SP 800-172 ("Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting CUI")
* This documentbuilds on NIST SP 800-171and applies to systems needingadvanced cybersecurity protections(e.g., targeting Advanced Persistent Threats).
* It isnot required for standard CMMC Level 2 assessments, which only mandateNIST SP 800-171 compliance.
* NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2(NIST Official Site)
* NIST SP 800-171A (Assessment Guide)(NIST Official Site)
* CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Scoping Guide(Cyber AB)
Why NIST SP 800-171 is Essential for Level 2 Scoping:Explanation of Incorrect Answers:Key References for CMMC Level 2 Scoping:Conclusion:SinceCMMC 2.0 Level 2 assessments are based entirely on NIST SP
800-171, this document is the most relevant resource for scoping Level 2 assessments. Therefore, the correct answer is:
#C. NIST SP 800-171
NEW QUESTION # 131
A Level 2 Assessment of an OSC is winding down and the final results are being prepared to present to the OSC. When should the final results be delivered to the OSC?
- A. At the end of every day of the assessment
- B. Either after approval from the C3PAO. or during a separately scheduled final recommended findings review
- C. Either at the final Daily Checkpoint, or during a separately scheduled findings and recommendation review
- D. Daily and during a final separately scheduled review
Answer: C
Explanation:
Understanding the Reporting Process in a CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Assessment
ACMMC Level 2 Assessmentconducted by aCertified Third-Party Assessor Organization (C3PAO)follows a structured approach to gathering evidence, evaluating compliance, and reporting findings to theOrganization Seeking Certification (OSC). The reporting process is outlined in theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, which specifies how findings should be communicated.
Assessment Communication Structure
Daily Checkpoints:
Throughout the assessment, the assessor team holdsdaily checkpoint meetingswith the OSC to provide updates on progress, observations, and preliminary findings.
These checkpoints help ensure transparency and allow the OSC to address minor issues as they arise.
Final Results Delivery:
Thefinal assessment resultsare typically shared during thefinal daily checkpointOR in aseparately scheduled findings and recommendations reviewmeeting.
This ensures that the OSC receives a structured and complete summary of the assessment findings before the official report is submitted.
Why Option C is Correct
TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, Section 4.5clearly states that assessment findings should be presentedeither at the last daily checkpoint or during a separately scheduled final review.
This aligns with best practices formaintaining transparency and ensuring the OSC has clarity on their assessment resultsbefore the final report submission.
Option A (End of every day)is incorrect because while assessors do provide updates, they do not deliver the
"final results" daily.
Option B (Daily and a separate final review)is misleading, as the CAP Guide allows assessors tochoosebetween the final daily checkpoint OR a separate findings review-not both.
Option D (After C3PAO approval)is incorrect because theC3PAO does not approve findings before they are communicated to the OSC. The assessment team directly presents the results first.
Official CMMC Documentation References
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide, Section 4.5: Reporting and Findings Communication CMMC 2.0 Level 2 Assessment Process Overview CMMC Assessment Final Report Guidelines Final Verification Based on officialCMMC 2.0 documentation, thefinal assessment results should be presented to the OSC either at the last daily checkpoint or in a separately scheduled review session, making Option C the correct answer.
NEW QUESTION # 132
Which standard of assessment do all C3PAO organizations execute an assessment methodology based on?
- A. ISO 27001
- B. CMMC Assessment Process
- C. Government Accountability Office Yellow Book
- D. NISTSP800-53A
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 133
Which statement BEST describes the requirements for a C3PA0?
- A. AC3PAO must be accredited by DoD before being able to conduct assessments.
- B. An authorized C3PAO must meet some DoD and all ISO/IEC 17020 requirements.
- C. An accredited C3PAO must meet all DoD and some ISO/IEC 17020 requirements.
- D. A C3PAO must be authorized by CMMC-AB before being able to conduct assessments.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Understanding C3PAO Requirements
ACertified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO)is an entityauthorized by the CMMC Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB)to conductCMMC Level 2 Assessmentsfor organizations handlingControlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
Key Requirements for a C3PAO to Conduct Assessments:
#Must be authorized by CMMC-AB before conducting assessments.
#Must meet CMMC-AB and DoD cybersecurity and process requirements.
#Must comply with ISO/IEC 17020 standards for inspection bodies.
#Must undergo a rigorous vetting process, including cybersecurity verification.
Why is the Correct Answer "D" (A C3PAO must be authorized by CMMC-AB before being able to conduct assessments)?
A). An authorized C3PAO must meet some DoD and all ISO/IEC 17020 requirements # Incorrect C3PAOs must comply with CMMC-AB authorization requirementsbefore performing assessments.
While they must align withISO/IEC 17020, they donotnecessarily meet all requirements upfront.
B). An accredited C3PAO must meet all DoD and some ISO/IEC 17020 requirements # Incorrect C3PAOs are not accredited by DoD; they areauthorized by CMMC-ABto perform assessments.
Accreditation follows full compliance with CMMC-AB and ISO/IEC 17020 requirements.
C). A C3PAO must be accredited by DoD before being able to conduct assessments # Incorrect The DoD does not directly accredit C3PAOs-CMMC-AB is responsible forauthorization and oversight.
D). A C3PAO must be authorized by CMMC-AB before being able to conduct assessments # Correct CMMC-AB grants authorization to C3PAOs, allowing them to perform assessmentsonly after meeting specific requirements.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This Answer:
CMMC-AB Certified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO) Guidelines States thatC3PAOs must receive CMMC-AB authorization before conducting assessments.
CMMC 2.0 Assessment Process (CAP) Document
Specifies that onlyC3PAOs authorized by CMMC-AB can conduct official CMMC assessments.
ISO/IEC 17020 Compliance for C3PAOs
Defines theinspection body requirements for C3PAOs, which must be met for accreditation.
NEW QUESTION # 134
The Assessment Team has completed Phase 2 of the Assessment Process. In conducting Phase 3 of the Assessment Process, the Assessment Team is reviewing evidence to address Limited Practice Deficiency Corrections. How should the team score practices in which the evidence shows the deficiencies have been corrected?
- A. POA&M
- B. MET
- C. NOT MET
- D. NOT APPLICABLE
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 135
Before submitting the assessment package to the Lead Assessor for final review, a CCP decides to review the Media Protection (MP) Level 1 practice evidence to ensure that all media containing FCI are sanitized or destroyed before disposal or release for reuse. After a thorough review, the CCP tells the Lead Assessor that all supporting documents fully reflect the performance of the practice and should be accepted because the evidence is:
- A. adequate.
- B. compliant.
- C. official.
- D. subjective.
Answer: A
Explanation:
CMMC Level 1 includes 17 practices derived fromFAR 52.204-21. Among them, theMedia Protection (MP) practicerequires organizations to ensure thatmedia containing FCI is sanitized or destroyed before disposal or release for reuseto prevent unauthorized access.
* This requirement ensures that any storage devices, hard drives, USBs, or physical documents containingFederal Contract Information (FCI)areproperly disposed of or sanitizedto prevent data leakage.
* The evidence collected for this practice should demonstrate that an organization has established and followed propermedia sanitization or destruction procedures.
Why the Correct Answer is "B. Adequate"?TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guideoutlines that for an assessment to be considered complete, all submitted evidence must meet the standard ofadequacybefore it is accepted by the Lead Assessor.
* Definition of "Adequate" Evidence in CMMC:
* Evidence isadequatewhen itfully demonstrates that a practice has been performed as requiredby CMMC guidelines.
* TheLead Assessorevaluates whether the submitted documentation meets the CMMC 2.0 Level 1 requirements.
* If the evidenceaccurately and completely demonstrates the sanitization or destruction of media containing FCI, then it meets the standard ofadequacy.
* Why Not the Other Options?
* A. Official- While the evidence may come from an official source, the CMMCdoes not require evidence to be "official", only that it beadequateto confirm compliance.
* C. Compliant- Compliance is the final result of an assessment, but before compliance is determined, the evidence must first beadequatefor evaluation.
* D. Subjective- CMMC evidence isobjective, meaning it should be based on verifiable documents, policies, logs, and procedures-not opinions or interpretations.
* CMMC 2.0 Scoping Guide (Nov 2021)- Specifies that Media Protection (MP) at Level 1 applies only to assets that process, store, or transmit FCI.
* CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide- Definesadequate evidenceas documentation that completely and clearly supports the implementation of a required security practice.
* FAR 52.204-21- The source of the Level 1 requirements, which includessanitization and destruction of media containing FCI.
Relevant CMMC 2.0 References:Final Justification:The CCP's statement that the evidence"fully reflects the performance of the practice"aligns with the definition ofadequate evidenceunder CMMC. Since adequacy is the key standard used before final compliance decisions are made, the correct answer isB. Adequate.
NEW QUESTION # 136
In the CMMC Model, how many practices are included in Level 2?
- A. 110 practices
- B. 17 practices
- C. 72 practices
- D. 180 practices
Answer: A
Explanation:
* CMMC Level 2is designed to alignfullywithNIST SP 800-171, which consists of110 security controls (practices).
* This meansall 110 practicesfrom NIST SP 800-171 are required for aCMMC Level 2 certification.
How Many Practices Are Included in CMMC Level 2?Breakdown of Practices in CMMC 2.0CMMC Level Number of Practices Level 1
17 practices(Basic Cyber Hygiene)
Level 2
110 practices(Aligned with NIST SP 800-171)
Level 3
Not yet finalized but expected to exceed 110
Since CMMC Level 2 mandatesall 110 NIST SP 800-171 practices, the correct answer isC. 110 practices.
* A. 17 practices#Incorrect.17 practicesapply only toCMMC Level 1, not Level 2.
* B. 72 practices#Incorrect. There is no CMMC level with72 practices.
* D. 180 practices#Incorrect. CMMC Level 2only requires 110 practices, not 180.
Why the Other Answers Are Incorrect
* CMMC 2.0 Model- Confirms thatLevel 2 includes 110 practicesaligned withNIST SP 800-171.
* NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2- Outlines the110 security controlsrequired for handlingControlled Unclassified Information (CUI).
CMMC Official ReferencesThus,option C (110 practices) is the correct answer, as per official CMMC guidance.
NEW QUESTION # 137
Within how many days from the Assessment Final Recommended Findings Brief should the Lead Assessor and Assessment Team Members, if necessary, review the accuracy and validity of (he OSC's updated POA&M with any accompanying evidence or scheduled collections?
- A. 180 days
- B. 360 days
- C. 270 days
- D. 90 days
Answer: A
Explanation:
In theCMMC 2.0 Assessment Process, after theAssessment Final Recommended Findings Brief, theLead Assessor and Assessment Team Membersmustreview the accuracy and validity of the Organization Seeking Certification (OSC)'s updated Plan of Action & Milestones (POA&M) and any accompanying evidence or scheduled collectionswithin180 days.
Relevant CMMC 2.0 Reference:
TheCMMC Assessment Process (CAP)outlines that organizations haveup to 180 daysto address identifieddeficienciesafter their initial assessment.
During this time, the OSC can update itsPOA&M with additional evidenceto demonstrate compliance.
Why is the Correct Answer 180 Days (B)?
A). 90 days # Incorrect
The CMMC CAP does not impose a90-day limiton POA&M updates; instead,180 daysis the standard timeframe.
B). 180 days # Correct
PerCMMC Assessment Process guidelines, theLead Assessor and Teammust review updateswithin 180 days.
C). 270 days # Incorrect
No official CMMC documentation mentions a270-dayreview period.
D). 360 days # Incorrect
The process must be completedfar sooner than 360 daysto maintain compliance.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting this Answer:
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Document
Defines the180-day windowfor the OSC to update itsPOA&M and submit evidencefor review.
CMMC 2.0 Official Guidelines
Specifies that organizations are givenup to 180 daysto remediate deficiencies before reassessment.
NEW QUESTION # 138
Which standard of assessment do all C3PAO organizations execute an assessment methodology based on?
- A. ISO 27001
- B. CMMC Assessment Process
- C. Government Accountability Office Yellow Book
- D. NISTSP800-53A
Answer: B
Explanation:
Understanding the C3PAO Assessment MethodologyACertified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO)is an entity authorized by theCMMC Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB)to conduct officialCMMC Level 2 assessmentsfor organizations seeking certification.
C3PAOs must follow theCMMC Assessment Process (CAP), which outlines:#Theassessment methodologyfor evaluating compliance.#Evidence collectionprocedures (interviews, artifacts, testing).#Assessment scoring and reportingrequirements.#Guidance for assessorson executing standardized assessments.
ISO 27001 (Option A)is an international standard forinformation security managementbut isnot the basis for CMMC assessments.
NIST SP 800-53A (Option B)providessecurity control assessments for federal systems, but CMMC assessments arebased on NIST SP 800-171.
GAO Yellow Book (Option D)is agovernment auditing standardused forfinancial and performance audits, not cybersecurity assessments.
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) (Option C) is the correct answerbecause it defines how C3PAOs conduct CMMC assessments.
CMMC Assessment Process Guide (CAP)- GovernsC3PAO assessment execution.
CMMC 2.0 Model Documentation- RequiresC3PAOs to follow CAP proceduresfor assessments.
Key Requirement: CMMC Assessment Process (CAP)Why "CMMC Assessment Process" is Correct?Official References from CMMC 2.0 DocumentationFinal Verification and ConclusionThe correct answer isC.
CMMC Assessment Process, as it is theofficial methodology all C3PAOs must follow when conducting CMMC assessments.
NEW QUESTION # 139
Who is responsible for identifying and verifying Assessment Team Member qualifications?
- A. CMMC-AB
- B. CMMC Marketplace
- C. C3PAO
- D. Lead Assessor
Answer: D
Explanation:
Understanding the Role of the Lead Assessor in CMMC AssessmentsTheLead Assessoris responsible for managing theAssessment Teamand ensuring that all team members meet the required qualifications as defined by theCMMC Accreditation Body (CMMC-AB)and theCybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) Assessment Process (CAP) Guide.
Lead Assessor's Key Responsibilities (Per CAP Guide)
Verify team member qualificationsto ensure compliance with CMMC-AB guidelines.
Assignappropriate assessment tasksbased on team members' expertise.
Ensure that theassessment is conducted in accordance with CMMC procedures.
Why Not the Other Options?
A). C3PAO (Certified Third-Party Assessor Organization)#Incorrect
AC3PAOis responsible fororganizing assessmentsand ensuring their execution, but itdoes not verify individual team member qualifications-that responsibility belongs to theLead Assessor.
B). CMMC-AB (CMMC Accreditation Body)#Incorrect
TheCMMC-ABestablishestraining and certification requirements, but itdoes not verify individual assessment team members-that responsibility is given to theLead Assessor.
D). CMMC Marketplace#Incorrect
TheCMMC Marketplacelists authorizedC3PAOs, Registered Practitioners (RPs), and Certified Professionals (CCPs)butdoes not verify assessment team qualifications.
CMMC Assessment Process (CAP) Guide- Defines theLead Assessor's responsibilityfor verifying assessment team qualifications.
CMMC-AB Certification Guide- Specifies that the Lead Assessor must ensure all assessment team members meet CMMC-AB qualification standards.
Why the Correct Answer is "C. Lead Assessor"?Relevant CMMC 2.0 References:Final Justification:Since theLead Assessor is responsible for verifying assessment team member qualifications, the correct answer isC.
Lead Assessor.
NEW QUESTION # 140
During the review of information that was published to a publicly accessible site, an OSC correctly identifies that part of the information posted should have been restricted. Which item did the OSC MOST LIKELY identify?
- A. FCI
- B. Public releases identifying major deals signed with commercial entities
- C. Launching of their new business service line
- D. Change of leadership in the organization
Answer: A
Explanation:
Understanding Federal Contract Information (FCI) and Publicly Accessible InformationFederal Contract Information (FCI)isnon-public informationprovided by or generated for the U.S. governmentunder a contractthat isnot intended for public release.
Key Characteristics of FCI:#FCI includesdetails related togovernment contracts, project specifics, and performance data.
#It must be protected under FAR 52.204-21, which requiresbasic safeguarding measuresto prevent unauthorized access.
#Posting FCI on a public site is a security violationsince it ismeant to be restrictedfrom public disclosure.
* A. FCI # Correct
* FCI must be protected from unauthorized access, and if it wasincorrectly published online, it should have been restricted.
* B. Change of leadership in the organization # Incorrect
* Leadership changes are typically public informationand do not require restriction unless they involve sensitive government-related security clearances.
* C. Launching of their new business service line # Incorrect
* Marketing and business announcementsare generallypublicly availableandnot restricted information.
* D. Public releases identifying major deals signed with commercial entities # Incorrect
* Commercial contracts and business deals are not considered FCIunless they involvegovernment contracts.
Why is the Correct Answer "A. FCI (Federal Contract Information)"?
* FAR 52.204-21 (Basic Safeguarding of Covered Contractor Information Systems)
* DefinesFCI as sensitive but unclassified informationthat must beprotected from public disclosure.
* CMMC 2.0 Level 1 Requirements
* Requires contractors toprotect FCI under basic cybersecurity standardsto prevent unauthorized exposure.
* DoD Guidance on FCI Protection
* States thatpublishing FCI on public websites violates federal cybersecurity requirements.
CMMC 2.0 References Supporting This answer:
NEW QUESTION # 141
In the CMMC Model, how many practices are included in Level 2?
- A. 72 practices
- B. 17 practices
- C. 180 practices
- D. 110 practices
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 142
While conducting a CMMC Assessment, a Lead Assessor is given documentation attesting to Level 1 identification and authentication practices by the OSC. The Lead Assessor asks the CCP to review the documentation to determine if identification and authentication controls are met. Which documentation BEST satisfies the requirements of IA.L1-3.5.1: Identify system users. processes acting on behalf of users, and devices?
- A. User names associated with system accounts assigned to those individuals
- B. Procedures for implementing access control lists
- C. List of unauthorized users that identifies their identities and roles
- D. Physical access policy that states. "All non-employees must wear a special visitor pass or be escorted."
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 143
The Lead Assessor is presenting the Final Findings Presentation to the OSC. During the presentation, the Assessment Sponsor and OSC staff inform the assessor that they do not agree with the assessment results.
Who has the final authority for the assessment results?
- A. CMMC-AB
- B. C3PAO
- C. Assessment Sponsor
- D. Assessment Team
Answer: B
Explanation:
Who Has the Final Authority Over Assessment Results?
During aCMMC Level 2 assessment, theCertified Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO)is responsible for conducting and finalizing the assessment results.
Key Responsibilities of a C3PAO
#Leads the assessmentand ensures it follows the CMMC Assessment Process (CAP).
#Validates compliancewith CMMC Level 2 requirements based onNIST SP 800-171controls.
#Finalizes the assessment resultsand submits them to theCMMC-ABand theDoD.
#Handles disagreementsfrom the OSC but hasfinal decision-making authorityon results.
Why "C3PAO" is Correct?
The C3PAO has final authority over the assessment resultsafter considering all evidence and findings.
TheCMMC-AB (Option B) does not finalize assessments-it accredits C3PAOs and manages the certification ecosystem.
TheAssessment Team (Option C) supports the C3PAO but does not have final decision authority.
TheAssessment Sponsor (Option D) is a representative from the OSC and does not control the results.
Breakdown of Answer Choices
Option
Description
Correct?
A). C3PAO
#Correct - C3PAOs finalize and submit assessment results.
B). CMMC-AB
#Incorrect-The CMMC-AB accredits C3PAOs but doesnot finalize results.
C). Assessment Team
#Incorrect-They conduct the assessment, but the C3PAO makes final decisions.
D). Assessment Sponsor
#Incorrect-This is arepresentative of the OSC, not the assessment authority.
Official References from CMMC 2.0 Documentation
CMMC Assessment Process Guide (CAP)- DefinesC3PAO authorityover final assessment results.
Final Verification and Conclusion
The correct answer isA. C3PAO, as theC3PAO has final decision-making authority over CMMC assessment results.
NEW QUESTION # 144
Which NIST SP defines the Assessment Procedure leveraged by the CMMC?
- A. NISTSP800-53a
- B. NISTSP800-171a
- C. NIST SP 800-171
- D. NIST SP 800-53
Answer: B
Explanation:
Which NIST SP Defines the Assessment Procedures for CMMC?CMMC Level 2 isdirectly based on NIST SP
800-171, and the assessment procedures used in CMMC assessments are derived fromNIST SP 800-171A.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:#1. NIST SP 800-171A Defines Assessment Procedures NIST SP 800-171Ais titled"Assessing Security Requirements for Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI)".
It providesdetailed assessment objectives and test proceduresfor evaluating compliance withNIST SP 800-171 security requirements, whichCMMC Level 2 is fully aligned with.
CMMC Assessors use 800-171Aas abaseline for assessing the effectiveness of security controls.
#2. Why the Other Answer Choices Are Incorrect:
(A) NIST SP 800-53#
800-53 defines security controlsfor federal information systems, but it doesnot provide assessment procedures specific to CMMC.
(B) NIST SP 800-53A#
800-53A provides assessment procedures for 800-53 controls, butCMMC is based on NIST SP 800-171, not
800-53.
(C) NIST SP 800-171#
800-171 defines security requirements, butit does not provide assessment procedures. Theassessment proceduresare in800-171A.
TheCMMC Assessment Guide (Level 2)explicitly states that assessment procedures are derived fromNIST SP
800-171A.
Final Validation from CMMC Documentation:Thus, the correct answer is:
NEW QUESTION # 145
Which standard and regulation requirements are the CMMC Model 2.0 based on?
- A. DFARS, FIPS 100,and NIST SP 800-171
- B. NIST SP 800-171 and NIST SP 800-172
- C. DFARS, FIPS 100, NIST SP 800-171,and Carnegie Mellon University
- D. DFARS, NIST, and Carnegie Mellon University
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 146
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