L4M7 by CIPS Actual Free Exam Questions And Answers [UPDATED 2025]
L4M7 Questions Truly Valid For Your CIPS Exam!
NEW QUESTION # 33
Warehouse automation involves the use of technology to perform as many warehousing tasks as possible.
There are several benefits that can be gained by using automation in a warehouse. They are...
- A. Decreased speed, increasing cost, improved efficiency, and maximising space
- B. Reduced customer service, reduced picking errors, reduced accidents, and minimised space utilisation
- C. Increased speed, decreasing cost, improved efficiency, and maximised space
- D. Maintenance costs, downtime due to malfunction, investment costs, and reduced flexibility
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 34
Which of the following allow an organisation to have more flexible space for storage by leveraging the facilities of other parties? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Installing double-deep pallet racking
- B. Eliminating dead stock or inventory
- C. Temporary warehousing
- D. Consignment stocking
- E. Adopting carousel-type storage
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Temporary warehousing (or 'Very short-term warehousing') is offered in the market where organ-isation makes their requirements for space open online to offers or bids for available space. This appears to be an emerging market and service providers in the UK and USA typically quote a price per pallet per week with some also requiring a 'transaction fee' for movements of each pallet in and out.
Consignment stocking is a facility offered by a supplier to a buyer to allow a delivery of stock to the buyer with payment only after it is used or sold to a customer.
Double-deep pallet racking and carousel-style storage are two tools that leverage space within a warehouse:
Double-deep pallet rack
Carousel style storage
NEW QUESTION # 35
XYZ Ltd is looking for new office space overseas. To keep the overhead expense minimal, it chooses leasing rather than purchasing new office. In leasing contract, which of the following costs are most likely to be attributable to the lessee?
1. Disposal costs
2. Rentals
3. Operating costs
4. Vendor selection costs
- A. 2, 3 and 4
- B. 1, 3 and 4
- C. 1, 2 and 4
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
Explanation:
A lease is a contractual arrangement calling for the lessee (user) to pay the lessor (owner) for use of an asset. Property, buildings and vehicles are common assets that are leased. Industrial or business equipment is also leased. Since the lessee does not own the asset, it is not responsible for disposing the assets, and therefore, disposal costs are not attributable to the lessee. The lessee usually incurs rentals and operating costs. Finally, a company should treat the lease the same as other contracts, which they must qualify the supplier.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 36
MRP software is a powerful tool for managing material requirements of manufacturing processes. To keep the software function well, an organisation must have appropriate input data. Which of the following are the inputs of MRP software? Select THREE that apply.
- A. Inventory records
- B. Capacity requirement plan
- C. Bill of materials
- D. Master production schedule
- E. Facilities management
- F. Payrolls information
Answer: A,C,D
Explanation:
A powerful benefit of MRP system is the capacity to produce exception reports, which show deviations from normal planning and performance. These enable anomalies to be investigated with a view to improve future forecasting.
Material requirement planning is an electronic system for combining the following:
- Known demand
- Forecast demand. Known demand and forecasted demand are shown in master production schedule.
- Bill of materials for the final product
- Inventory records
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following is an acquisition cost under the concept of the total cost of ownership?
- A. Down time and overhaul cost
- B. Consumables and energy cost
- C. Installation and commissioning cost
- D. Servicing and repair cost
Answer: C
Explanation:
Acquisition costs include all expenses incurred to bring an asset to its operational state, such as installation and commissioning. These costs are essential to the total cost of ownership (TCO) in whole-life asset management, helping organizations understand the full initial investment required to make the asset usable.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Assuming that all other factors are constant except one, the net present value of a capital expendi-ture increases when...?
- A. Net cash flow during a time period increases
- B. The initial cost of a project increases
- C. The discounted rate increases
- D. Cash outflow during a time period increases
Answer: A
Explanation:
Net present value (NPV) is the 'today' net value that deprives from 'future' cash flow of an invest-ment or a capital purchase.
The following formula is used to calculate NPV
Where:
Rt is the net cash flow (cash inflow - cash outflow) during the period t i is the discount rate t is the number of time periods As you can conclude from the above formula, the net present value increases when the numerators (net cash flows) increase and/or denominators (1+i) decrease. So the correct answer should be "Net cash flow during a time period increases" The purpose of this exercise is to help you identify the factors that influence the net present value and how to increase/decrease NPV in real-world scenario.
Reference:
- Net present value in capital expenditure
- CIPS study guide page 177
LO 3, AC 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 39
PPC Refinery (UK) must close down an out-of-date refinery which has very poor environmental performance. The refinery is very sophisticated with many technically complicated machineries, lubricants, coolants and other chemical substances. Decommissioning the refinery is highly risky and hazardous. To manage the decommissioning process well, PPC project team must know these machineries and substances in details. Which document can provide the technical details on the refinery?
- A. Original specifications
- B. Non-disclosure agreement
- C. Corporate social responsibility policy
- D. Code of Conduct
Answer: A
Explanation:
Decommissioning or disposal should start with the original specifications of the assets so that the organisation and supplier can make an appropriate plan. Some specifications also mention the is-sues regarding to end-of-life environmental factors.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 40
Which of the following are holding costs of inventory in a warehouse?
* Costs related to the value of the inventory held
* Losses due to product deterioration
* Preliminary costs associated with purchase orders
* Loss of supplier discounts due to reduction in reorder quantities
- A. 2 and 3 only
- B. 2 and 4 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 1 and 2 only
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 41
"Open stock plus purchases minus closing stock" is the formula of which of the following?
- A. Revenue
- B. Liability
- C. Inventory
- D. Cost of goods sold
Answer: D
Explanation:
The amount of closing stock (properly valued) is used to arrive at the cost of goods sold in a periodic inventory system with the following calculation:
Opening stock + Purchases - Closing stock = Cost of goods sold
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 130-131
- Closing stock definition
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 42
The purchase-order lead time is the...?
- A. Period between placing an order and its delivery
- B. Period between receiving a customer order and delivering the items
- C. Period between receiving a customer order and producing the products
- D. Time needed to correct errors in the defective products
Answer: A
Explanation:
Purchase order lead time (POLT) refers to the number of days from when a company places an order for production inputs it needs, to when those items arrive at the manufacturing plant.
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which of the following is the Japanese word for 'billboard' or 'signboard'?
- A. Kaizen
- B. Muda
- C. Kanban
- D. Poka-Yoke
Answer: C
Explanation:
Kanban (##) (signboard or billboard in Japanese) is a scheduling system for lean manufacturing and just-in- time manufacturing (JIT).
Poka-yoke (####, [poka yoke]) is a Japanese term that means "mistake-proofing" or "inadvertent error prevention". A poka-yoke is any mechanism in any process that helps an equipment operator avoid (yokeru) mistakes (poka). Its purpose is to eliminate product defects by preventing, correcting, or drawing attention to human errors as they occur.
Kaizen is a concept referring to business activities that continuously improve all functions and involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers. Kaizen (##) is the Sino-Japanese word for
"improvement". Kaizen also applies to processes, such as purchasing and logis-tics, that cross organizational boundaries into the supply chain.
Muda (##, on'yomi reading) is a Japanese word meaning "futility; uselessness; wastefulness", and is a key concept in lean process thinking, like the Toyota Production System (TPS) as one of the three types of deviation from optimal allocation of resources (the others being mura and muri). Waste reduction is an effective way to increase profitability.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following is often created by each business and commonly used for the purpose of inventory management?
- A. Harmonised system
- B. SKU
- C. FDA product code
- D. ISBN
Answer: B
Explanation:
Organisations often create their own stock keeping unit (SKU) numbering system, which may or may not have a meaningful structure. Stock keeping unit is a number that is assigned to a product for the purpose of inventory management and is of tracking. In other words, a stock keeping unit is a unique identifier assigned to each product for easier and more efficient record keeping.
An FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) product code describes a specific product and contains a combination of five to seven numbers and letters. The product code submitted with each FDA line item should match the actual product name and/or invoice description of the product.
The International Standard Book Number is a numeric commercial book identifier which is in-tended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products.
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which of the following allow an organisation to have more flexible space for storage by leveraging the facilities of other parties? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Installing double-deep pallet racking
- B. Eliminating dead stock or inventory
- C. Temporary warehousing
- D. Consignment stocking
- E. Adopting carousel-type storage
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Temporary warehousing (or 'Very short-term warehousing') is offered in the market where organ-isation makes their requirements for space open online to offers or bids for available space. This appears to be an emerging market and service providers in the UK and USA typically quote a price per pallet per week with some also requiring a 'transaction fee' for movements of each pallet in and out.
Consignment stocking is a facility offered by a supplier to a buyer to allow a delivery of stock to the buyer with payment only after it is used or sold to a customer.
Double-deep pallet racking and carousel-style storage are two tools that leverage space within a warehouse:
Double-deep pallet rack
Carousel style storage
NEW QUESTION # 46
Manufacturing resources planning (MRP II) was developed from material requirement planning (MRP).
Which of the following is the additional input that is available in MRP II but does not ap-pear in MRP?
- A. Master production schedule
- B. Bill of materials
- C. Finance
- D. Inventory records
Answer: C
Explanation:
MRP I was some of the first business software to be widely adopted during the 1970s. Manufacturers sought these systems in order to improve efficiency and accuracy when it came to basic processes such as production scheduling and inventory management.
By the 1980s, manufacturers realized they needed software that could also tie into their accounting systems and forecast inventory requirements. Enter MRP II, which included these integrations in addition to all the capabilities offered by MRP I. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software features-which we'll cover later on-are included in the following table for comparison.
Graphical user interface Description automatically generated
NEW QUESTION # 47
When using ABC analysis to classify inventory, which factors must be considered?
1. Demand uncertainty of each item
2. Cumulative percentage of items
3. Cumulative percentage usage value of items
4. Overall inventory turnover
- A. 1 and 4 only
- B. 2 and 4 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: D
Explanation:
ABC analysis is applied to stock and its management. It is based loosely on the Pareto principles, better known as 80/20 rule. Pareto principle is the theory that 80% of outcome results from 20% of inputs. For example, 80% of sales are to the top 20% of customers; 80% of spend on inventory is accounted for by the top
20% of stock items.
The ABC concept is based on Pareto's law. The following steps are carried out for the ABC analy-sis.
- Step 1: Compute the annual usage value for every item in the sample by multiplying the annual requirements by the cost per unit.
- Step 2: Arrange the items in descending order of the usage value calculated above.
- Step 3: Make a cumulative total of the number of items and the usage value.
- Step 4: Convert the cumulative total of the number of items and usage values into a percentage of their grand totals.
- Step 5: Draw a graph connecting cumulative % items and cumulative % usage value. The graph is divided approximately into three segments, where the curve sharply changes its shape. This indicates the three segments A, B and C.
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following is an assumption of economic-order-quantity model?
- A. Demand, ordering costs, and carrying costs are uncertain
- B. The quantity ordered can vary at each reorder point
- C. No inventory stockouts occur
- D. The purchasing cost per unit is affected by the order quantity
Answer: C
Explanation:
Economic order quantity (EOQ) model is the method that provides the company with an order quantity. This order quantity figure is where the record holding costs and ordering costs are mini-mized. By using this model, the companies can minimize the costs associated with the ordering and inventory holding. In 1913, Ford W. Harris developed this formula whereas R. H. Wilson is given credit for the application and in-depth analysis on this model.
If the economic order quantity model is applied, the following assumptions should be met:
- The rate of demand is constant, and total demand is known in advance.
- The ordering cost is constant.
- The unit price of inventory is constant, i.e., no discount is applied depending on order quantity.
- Delivery time is constant.
- Replacement of defective units is instantaneous.
- There is no safety stock level, i.e., the minimum stock level is zero.
- Restocking is made by the whole batch.
Because the demand and lead time are constant, no stockout events can occur.
NEW QUESTION # 49
A pharmaceutical firm offers a new drug called NC-01. After analysing the market, the firm realises that the demand is largely variable. But they still have to forecast the customer demand for the next production cycle.
The new drug NC-01 is best described as which type of item?
- A. Overhead items
- B. Independent demand
- C. Dependent demand
- D. Indirect demand
Answer: B
Explanation:
Dependent demand is the requirement for stock item which is directly related to and therefore de-pendent upon the rate of production (examples are: raw materials, components, energy) Independent demand is the requirement for stock item which is not directly related to, and is therefore independent of rate of production. Although independent demand is called thus, it can still be influenced by economic factors external to the demand-supply model such as general consumer sentiment and consumers' available disposal income. However, businesses that need to predict the number of products with independent demand needed to sate their customers have it easier than businesses that must calculate the demand for products with dependent demand because there are fewer factors to consider.
In this scenario, the new drug is finished good which is dependent on the demand of the market, and the firm needs to forecast before initiating the production process. The item is independent from rate of production, therefore, it must be independent demand item.
NEW QUESTION # 50
XYZ Inc opens a tender to purchase new forklift trucks for their new established warehouse. In the final round, there are two suppliers remain who offer two different bids. Supplier A's bid has high initial investment. After calculating the net present value, the NPV in year five is positive. On the other hand, supplier B's bid has low purchase price, with the NPV in year five is negative. If the NPV is the sole selection criterion, XYZ Inc should select the bid which has...?
- A. Zero NPV
- B. The lowest NPV
- C. Negative NPV
- D. Positive NPV
Answer: D
Explanation:
Net present value (NPV) is the 'today' net value that deprives from 'future' cash flow of an invest-ment or a capital purchase. Net Present Value is a helpful tool for assessing the total lifetime value of an investment.
Procurement professionals or investors can base on this value to make decision to achieve value for money.
Generally, an organisation should select the offer which has the highest NPV among their options. Preferably, the NPV of an capital investment should be positive, which means the investment eventually adds value to the business.
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following are features of dependent demand items of stock?
* They depend on the production levels of the user departments
* They depend on the production capacity of the supplier
* They can be managed using JIT (Just-in-Time) systems
* They become obsolete within a short time
- A. 2 and 3 only
- B. 1 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 2 only
- D. 3 and 4 only
Answer: B
Explanation:
Dependent demand items rely on the internal production requirements of an organization. These items:
* Depend on user department production levels: Demand is driven by the needs of the production line.
* Can be managed using JIT systems: Just-in-Time inventory helps optimize stock levels based on immediate production needs, reducing holding costs and minimizing waste.
Dependent demand items differ from independent demand items, where demand is customer-driven rather than production-driven, emphasizing demand predictability and timely procurement.
NEW QUESTION # 52
XYZ Ltd is a major distributor of electrical equipment protection products in the United States. XYZ found that there was a lack of communication between the company and its key supplier, leading to the supplier trying to predict distributor needs and distributor attempting to estimate lead times. Essentially, both the supplier and the distributor have different sets of information, spending time and money trying to predict what the other will do. To deal with this problem, XYZ Ltd decides to implement new inventory management method in which the supplier manage the replenishment of items for sale. Both parties are obliged to share information on variations in demand and stock levels for goods used for or sale. Which inventory management method is XYZ Ltd implementing?
- A. Floor-ready merchandise
- B. Economic order quantity
- C. Reverse logistics
- D. Vendor managed inventory
Answer: D
Explanation:
Floor-Ready Merchandise can be defined as the merchandise that is pre-tagged, pre ticketed and pre-occupied with all the necessary details and information such as marked to their specifications for style, size, type, color and price, this information is required in the retail store and is done before it reaches the retail store.
Economic order quantity (EOQ) is the ideal order quantity a company should purchase to minimize inventory costs such as holding costs, shortage costs, and order costs. This production-scheduling model was developed in 1913 by Ford W.
Harris and has been refined over time. The formula assumes that demand, ordering, and holding costs all remain constant.
The full definition of reverse logistics, as according to The Council of Logistics Management, is the process of implementing, controlling, and planning the cost-effective flow of finished goods, raw materials, and in-process inventory. The flow is from the point of consumption (i.e. the customer) to the point of origin (i.e. the manufacturer), to properly dispose of these or to recapture value.
In the scenario, XYZ solves the current situation by letting the supplier to management the inventory and sharing stock level information with the supplier. Vendor managed inventory is the most suitable answer.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 53
Decommissioning, removal and disposal of assets may have impact on the environment. An organisation should have policies and procedures in place to enhance its environmental performance. Which standard family provides the guidance on environmental policies and procedures?
- A. ISO 27000 family
- B. ISO 9000 family
- C. ISO 14000 family
- D. ISO 22000 family
Answer: C
Explanation:
The ISO 14000 family of standards are developed by ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 207 and its various subcommittees. For a full list of published standards in the series see their standards catalogue. ISO 14001 provides requirements with guidance for use that relate to environmental systems. Other standards in the family focus on specific approaches such as audits, communications, labelling and life cycle analysis, as well as environmental challenges such as climate change.
ISO 27000 family of standards concerns information technology, with the goal of improving security and protecting company assets. Started in 2005, the two most popular standards are ISO 27001:2013 and 27002:2013. 27001 is management-based system, whereas 27002 is a technical document, focused on the individual and putting a code of conduct in place. Organizations can choose either standard; ISO 27001 has over 22,000 certifications worldwide. It is a broad standard, and for this reason the certification can be customized to fit the needs of the organization, and is not mandatory.
ISO 22000 sets out the requirements for a food safety management system and can be certified to it. It maps out what an organization needs to do to demonstrate its ability to control food safety hazards in order to ensure that food is safe. It can be used by any organization regardless of its size or position in the food chain.
ISO 9001 is a family of quality management standards, there are fourteen in total. Of these, ISO 9001:2015 is the only one that can be certified to. It was first published in 1987, and has since been updated about every 7 years. The standard details how to put a Quality Management System (QMS) in place to better prepare your organization to produce quality products and services. It is customer focused, and places an emphasis on continuous improvement and top management processes that extended throughout the organization.
Reference:
- ISO website
- Top 10 Most Popular ISO Standards
- CIPS study guide page 193
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 54
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